Dr Karl Landsteiner won the Nobel Prize in 1930 for inventing the ABO blood group system, a technique for categorising different blood types.
Blood type is inherited genetically from your parents, just like eye colour is. Blood types are established by the presence or lack of specific antigens, which, if they are alien to the body, may provoke an immunological response.
The ABO blood group system divides blood types into groups based on the many antigens and antibodies found in plasma and red blood cells. They assess which blood type will match for a secure transfusion along with the RhD antigen status.
Group A
An antigen is present on the surface of red blood cells, and an antigen-specific antibody is present in plasma (anti-B antibody). The B antigen-containing blood cells are attacked by the anti-B antibody.
Group B
B antigen is found on the surface of red blood cells, while anti-A antibodies are present in plasma. Blood cells that contain the antigen are attacked by the anti-A antibody.
Group AB
A and B antigens are both present in the red blood cells, but neither is present in the plasma. Any ABO blood type can be given to someone with type AB.
Group O
Red blood cells don't have any A or B antigens on their surface, but the plasma includes both anti-A and anti-B antibodies. Any ABO blood type is eligible for this kind of blood.
O blood types have a lower risk of coronary heart disease, according to research. However, some speculate that it might be a result of other types' propensity for having higher cholesterol and greater concentrations of a protein linked to clotting. According to a short study, those with the blood type AB are more prone than those with other blood types to experience thinking and memory issues, which can eventually result in dementia.
Having type O blood increases your likelihood of living a longer life. According to researchers, this is mostly because there is a lesser chance of heart and blood vessel illness.
More at risk than type Os are persons with blood types A, AB, and B, particularly those with type A blood. Experts speculate that the H. pylori infection, which is more prevalent in people with type A blood, may be to blame. It typically affects the stomach and can lead to ulcers and inflammation.
Cortisol, or "the stress hormone," is produced in greater quantities by the body when under stress. It may be more difficult for those with type A blood to manage stress because they tend to have higher cortisol levels.
Being an A, AB, or B personality type increases your risk. H. pylori bacteria in your gut are aided in growing by molecules found in red blood cells of types A and B. Your risk of developing pancreatic cancer may increase as a result.
There are around 200 disorders together referred to as rheumatic diseases, and they all result in pain in your cartilage, tendons, connective tissue, and joints. According to a 2017 study conducted in Turkey, blood types A and O are more likely to experience certain illnesses.
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